{"id":757,"date":"2023-06-23T06:34:25","date_gmt":"2023-06-23T06:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/?p=757"},"modified":"2023-09-07T13:59:23","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T13:59:23","slug":"information-you-need-to-know-about-radioactive-substances-that-cause-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/2023\/06\/23\/information-you-need-to-know-about-radioactive-substances-that-cause-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Information you need to know about radioactive substances that cause cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"

NH\u1eeeNG TH\u00d4NG TIN C\u1ea6N BI\u1ebeT V\u1ec0 CH\u1ea4T PH\u00d3NG X\u1ea0 G\u00c2Y UNG TH\u01af<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

1. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 photon, electron, neutrino, proton, neutron ho\u1eb7c alphas. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t ion h\u00f3a, khi ph\u00e1t ra v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 hay b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ngay v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u00e2m \u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u00ec c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau 7 – 10 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb hay tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t Alpha:<\/strong> H\u1ea1t Alpha c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o g\u1ed3m 2 proton v\u00e0 2 neutron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 Radium, Uranium hay Plutonium. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t Alpha c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 0,1mm tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t da. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u00edt ho\u1eb7c \u0103n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec5m h\u1ea1t \u03b1 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t Beta:<\/strong> H\u1ea1t Beta l\u00e0 electron (-) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra khi m\u1ed9t neutron (trung h\u00f2a) ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh proton (+) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 Iodine – 131, Cesium – 137. So v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t \u03b1, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u03b2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp qua da s\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi da.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t Neutron:<\/strong> Neutron l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Californium – 252. Khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t Neutron c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong qua da \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i cm.<\/p>\n

Tia gamma:<\/strong> Tia gamma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gamma, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng photon c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn mang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao. C\u00e1c tia gamma c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m, tia gamma c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n gen hay qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng hay y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u1edf li\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec1u ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm khi m\u1edbi ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, n\u00f4n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u m\u0169i, ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng, n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng hay n\u00f4n ra m\u00e1u, \u0111i ngo\u00e0i ra m\u00e1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Da bong tr\u00f3c, n\u1ed5i m\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecf, n\u00f3ng r\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

R\u1ee5ng t\u00f3c trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, \u0111au r\u00e1t c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1eb7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m do h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m x\u1ea1 qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd mang \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 3 – 6 th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 khi ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 quan khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":762,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=757"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":872,"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757\/revisions\/872"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inirat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}